Noticing brown spots in your eyes can be a bit unsettling, but they’re not always a cause for concern. These spots, often called eye freckles or nevi (nevus), are usually harmless and similar to moles on your skin. However, some cases might warrant closer attention, especially if the spots change in size or shape.
Your eyes can tell a lot about your overall health, so it’s always a good idea to keep them in check. Regular eye exams can help you stay on top of any changes and give you peace of mind.
What Are Brown Spots in the Eyes?
Brown spots in the eyes can occur on the iris (the colored part of your eye) or the sclera (the white part). These spots are typically caused by an accumulation of melanin, the pigment responsible for color in your skin, hair, and eyes.
Depending on their location, they may have different names and implications. Here are the most common types:
- Iris freckles: These are tiny, dark spots that sit on the iris’s surface. Typically harmless, iris freckles are purely cosmetic and don’t affect your vision.
- Iris nevus (plural: nevi): These appear as flat, pigmented spots on the iris or sclera. They are somewhat similar to moles on your skin and are usually benign. An iris nevus is typically larger and deeper than an iris freckle, and it can sometimes cause the pupil to shift.
- Conjunctival melanosis: A brown or gray spot on the white of the eye, often seen in people with darker skin tones.
Causes of Brown Spots in the Eyes
A range of things can lead to the appearance of brown spots, including:
- Natural pigmentation: People with darker skin tones are more prone to pigmentation in their eyes.
- Sun exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV rays can trigger melanin production, resulting in eye freckles.
- Aging: Like changes in your skin, eyes can develop spots as you age.
- Genetics: Some people are more predisposed to develop eye freckles or nevi due to hereditary factors.
- Eye trauma: An injury to your eye might cause discoloration or spots.
However, not all cases are identical, and when brown spots appear suddenly or start to change, it’s worth digging deeper.
When Are Brown Spots Considered Normal?
Most brown spots in your eyes are harmless and don’t pose a risk to your vision or health. Here’s when they’re typically considered normal:
- They’ve been there for years: Spots that have remained the same size, shape, and color over time are often benign.
- Lack of symptoms: If this discoloration isn’t accompanied by discomfort, vision changes, or redness, they’re likely nothing to worry about.
- No changes over time: A consistent appearance is a reassuring sign that the spot is stable.
That said, even benign spots should be monitored over time to ensure no changes occur.
Signs That Brown Spots Might Be a Concern
Sometimes, brown spots can indicate an underlying issue, especially if they change or come with symptoms. You should seek professional advice if you notice any of the following:
- Sudden appearance: A new spot emerges out of nowhere.
- Growth or change: If the spot becomes larger, darker, or irregular in shape.
- Associated symptoms: Vision issues, eye pain, redness, or swelling alongside the spot.
These signs could hint at conditions that require prompt attention, like melanoma or other rare eye diseases.
Common Conditions Linked to Brown Spots
- Ocular melanoma: A rare but potentially serious type of eye cancer that presents as a darkened spot or nevus in the eye.
- Primary acquired melanosis (PAM): A condition where new pigmentation develops on the conjunctiva. Some forms of PAM can progress into melanoma.
- Choroidal nevus: This spot, found at the back of the eye, can usually only be detected by an eye exam. While mostly benign, it requires monitoring.
If you’re concerned, a comprehensive exam can rule out or address severe conditions.
How Are Brown Spots Diagnosed?
Eye specialists use various methods to determine whether a brown spot is harmless or requires intervention. These diagnostic tools include:
- Slit-lamp exam: This detailed check evaluates the front part of the eye.
- Ophthalmoscopy: This procedure examines the back of the eye (retina and choroid) for abnormalities.
- Imaging tests: Ultrasound or optical coherence tomography (OCT) may be used for a more in-depth assessment of the spot.
Treatment Options for Brown Spots in the Eyes
Most brown spots require no treatment and can be monitored during regular eye exams. That said, if the spot is determined to be problematic, several treatment options are available, including:
- Surgical removal: For spots that threaten eye health or vision, surgical intervention may be recommended.
- Laser therapy: Used selectively to reduce pigmented lesions for cosmetic reasons.
Your eye doctor will guide you toward the most appropriate approach based on the spot’s characteristics.
Preventing Eye Health Issues Related to Brown Spots
While you can’t always prevent brown spots, you can reduce risks by:
- Wearing sunglasses: Protect your eyes from harmful UV rays to prevent sun-related pigmentation.
- Attending routine eye exams: Regular check-ups allow your eye doctor to detect and monitor early changes.
- Maintaining a healthy diet: Nutrient-rich foods support overall eye health.
- Avoiding eye trauma: Handle your eyes with care to minimize the potential for injuries.
Your Next Steps for Eye Health
Brown spots in your eyes might not always be a serious issue, but staying proactive is key. Monitor any changes and prioritize regular eye exams to catch potential problems early.
If you haven’t had your annual eye check-up, now’s the perfect time. Book your appointment with Griffin Optometric Group, now operated by Total Vision, so we can help answer any questions about your eye health.
